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Pumped storage hydropower (PSH) is a type of hydroelectric energy storage system. It is a configuration of two water reservoirs at different elevations that can generate power as water moves down from one to the other (discharge), passing through a turbine. The system also requires power as it pumps water back into the upper reservoir (recharge).
The principle is same as a chemical battery, except the reserves are stored as potential energy of water.
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Even PV has been studied for more than 100 years, available options in the market still offers limited efficiency and mobility. We focussed on 4 main opportunities: 1-PV panels operate at a real panel temperature much higher that the 25oC at where the nominal Efficiency is offered. This creates a efficiency reduction effect in the order of 8%. 2-As Canada average irradiation is lower than 1000W/m2. Real PV energy production is much lower than the Pmax expected by the user. 3-PV systems are highly dependent on the incidence angle, nad as Sun position changes along the day, as well as seasonally, a fix position is intrinsically inefficient, even do an optimum tilt angle be provided. 4-More than 80% of solar energy is lost as heat. In this work we evaluate these main aspects that reduce the energy collection on the PV panels and explore possible partial solutions in a practical and portable design integrating the following features:PV paned high efficient hidden cooling system Light weight foldable integrated sunlight concentrator panels.Single axis automatic autonomous low power tracking system with additional tilt angle adjustment for complete optimal sun collection (angle precision 5 degree for automatic mode, 5 degree precision sensor guide for manual tilt).Water heating system to collect additional energy.Battery storage system with 12V and 5 volts output. (24 volts option with alternative series connections).Suitable for: Camping, fishing trips (not on board for small boats), summer beach/island/sport trips, emote off grid houses low power supply. (light+basics devices like cell phone chargers, communications systems for 12V and 5V devices), Low power emergency system for low consumption 110V devices (Additional commercial inverter required)
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Energy is one of the key elements that sustain human life. Lighting and power are always needed in places where people exist, such as factories in industrial sites, commercial buildings, and residential places. But this energy resource is finite, and expensive to furnish and utilize by the humanity. In this reality, my group, E-Circle, researched ways to conserve energy and electricity for heating homes. Conserving electricity and energy for heating is a necessity for individuals and communities, as a significant portion of energy and electricity used for heating in homes is a necessity.
- The goal of the project is to automatically control the home heating system according to the temperature of the house.
- The heater is turned on/off according to the desired temperature by sensing the indoor temperature in the house.
- This project is almost similar to house heating system .
- We can check the house temperature and humidity by note book or mobile phone.
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This enhanced elevator/conveyor automated system paired with advance barcode technology will serve it's purpose of a delivery service machine. Mixed combination of an elevator and conveyor this system will operated with servo motors, stepper motor and one of a kind pulley system. This project will operate through a series of codes that will be programmed with Arduino. The ultimate goal of this project is to innovate new technology within elevators and conveyor systems, this project has been designed to imitate a real life elevator that will go up to multiple levels with being able to deliver an item through a series of 3 different types of conveyor belt systems.
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Climate change, industrialization, and population growth have significantly affected water demand and played a prominent role in water scarcity. Although 40% of the world’s population lives within 100 km of the sea or ocean (Ghaffour et al., 2012), many countries in Africa, Asia and the Middle East still lack a consistent source of freshwater. Only 0.5% of fresh water on Earth is available for human consumption. Because there are not enough freshwater resources, much saltwater is found in oceans that cover 96.5% of all waters on Earth. This gives good reason to look more in-depth into desalination as a global response to the inevitable water scarcity.
The project scope is to design and build a Solar Powered Desalination System with Low Water Level Control that can distil brackish and seawater and produce drinkable freshwater. The desalination method used in this project is a thermal process where pure water is evaporated from seawater through boiling. At first, seawater is poured into a water tank, then pumped through 4-layers of water filters to remove sediments and non-dissolvable minerals. It then flows to the steam vessel to be boiled to create steam, leaving the salt behind. The steam flows through condensate drainage, an array of copper tubes submerged into cold water in the water tank, to condensate it to become freshwater stored in a desalinated water reservoir. The solar photovoltaic (PV) panel generates power to charge a lead-acid battery. The power from the battery is used to power the electric heater to boil seawater and produce freshwater. Moreover, the battery is used to supply power to the Arduino controller to control a water pump, a solenoid valve, two water level sensors, and an LCD display.
The main benefit of this project is drinkable freshwater production from seawater to improve people’s quality of life using a solar PV system to generate clean renewable energy. Using solar PV panels to power the water thermal desalination process instead of consuming electricity from the grid saves energy and protects the environment by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
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One of the main goals of modern society is to adequately implement diverse types of renewable energy sources as alternatives for improving the quality of life and decreasing human impact on the environment by reducing greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere to mitigate climate change. Public transportation is massively used around the world. Over 1.7 million passengers use the Toronto Transit Commission buses, trains, subways, streetcars and ferries a day. Sometimes passengers must wait for long periods, especially after schedule changes or route cancellations.
This project is primarily aimed at solving the health implications, such as colds or heat rashes, that public transport users face during waiting times in extreme weather conditions, especially in winter. The project scope is to design and build a smart energy system of a bus shelter with climate control. Solar energy is used to produce and provide the bus shelter with energy generated by a solar photovoltaic (PV) system. In order to maintain comfortable conditions inside of the bus shelter a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor are used to control the heating or cooling systems. Those systems are equipped with fans that will move the air inside the bus shelter. The lighting system and the air conditioning system will be activated by a motion sensor placed inside the bus shelter.
This clean energy bus stop system that shelters riders from extreme weather conditions is a solution for increasing passengers' comfort in an environmentally safe way.
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The solar photovoltaic system in the greenhouse will act as the energy source, energy generated by the solar PV panel will power the Arduino that will allow all the other electrical components, such as the moisture sensor, LEDs, fans and the air heating system to function. The greenhouse also has an irrigation system that will act as a water source for the plants. It consists of pipes, a water reservoir and sprinklers to spray water onto the plants. The plants will sit on a tray with soil, positioned to stay directly beneath the sprinklers. The greenhouse will be covered by a 2-layer polyethylene cover to maintain the appropriate climate and provide protection against harsh weather conditions during winter. The sensors and systems can be monitored and controlled from outside the greenhouse with a typical smartphone. Polyethylene has been selected as the greenhouse covering due to its low cost, insulation properties and permeability with regards to solar radiation. This design will make it possible for individuals and communities to achieve year-round food production while reducing labour and energy requirements. Through the use of renewable solar energy to power the greenhouse systems, the design will also produce significantly less greenhouse gases than a conventional greenhouse, making it an environmentally-friendly solution for crop production.